Fig. 2
From: Angiogenesis in newly regenerated bone by secretomes of human mesenchymal stem cells
Radiographic evaluation of new bone and blood vessel formation in rat calvaria bone defect. a Bone formation was evaluated with 5-mm defect samples (a-d), and bone and blood vessel formation was evaluated with 8-mm defect samples (e-d). (a, e) Defect group, (b, d) PBS group, (c, g) MSC-CM group, and (d, h) MSC-CM + anti-VEGF group. The MSC-CM group showed increased bone and blood vessel formation compared with the other groups (c, g). New bone formation in the MSC-CM group was seen along the newly formed blood vessel (g). Neutralization with anti-VEGF antibody remarkably decreased bone and blood vessel formation (d, h). Percentage of bone formation b and bone and blood vessel formation c. In the MSC-CM group, both new bone formation and blood vessel formation were significantly increased compared to the other groups, and neutralization with anti-VEGF antibody remarkably decreased bone and blood vessel formation with no statistical differences compared with the Defect and PBS groups. *p < 0.05