Table 2 Zonal analysis in orthognathic surgery (see Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4)
From: Zonal analysis in contemporary aesthetic orthognathic surgical planning
Principal aesthetic components in frontal view | Principal aesthetic components in profile view | |
|---|---|---|
Zone I (nasomaxillary) | • Nasal width • Paranasal hollowing • Upper lip height • Upper lip support and vermilion exposure • Incisor exposure – the foundation stone of treatment planning • Gingival exposure • Smile line • Buccal corridors • Dental midline • Maxillary occlusal plane cant | • Dorsal nasal profile • Nasal supratip morphology • Nasal rotation • Nasal projection • Alar lobule length • Columella-labial angle • Upper lip projection • Upper lip height • Lip balance (Fig. 5) |
Extended Zone I | • Midfacial fat, e.g. the buccal fat pad • Midface soft tissue bunching – important for comparative purposes between pre and postoperative frontal views following maxillary impaction | |
Zone II (mandibular) | • Lower incisor exposure • Lip support • Labiomental fold morphology • Chin width • Chin height • Chin symmetry • Mentalis activity and form | • Lip support • Labiomental fold morphology • Chin position • Chin morphology • Mentalis activity and form • Submental contour • Submental length • Submental-cervical angle • Lip balance |
Extended Zone II | • Asymmetries in the inferior border and gonial angle regions • Masseteric hypertrophy or atrophy • Intergonial distance | Antegonial notch |
Zone III (zygomatic) | • Flattening of the malar area • Inferior scleral exposure • Bizygomatic facial width | • Malar projection • Eye projection |