Skeletal structure of asymmetric mandibular prognathism and retrognathism

Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

Table 4 Intra- and inter-group difference in the angular measurements

Angular measurements (°)	Group A (asymmetry with prognathism)			Group B (asymmetry with retrognathism)			Inter-group differences^b
	Contralateral side 1)	Deviated side 2)	Bilateral difference^a 1)-2)	Contralateral side 3)	Deviated side 4)	Bilateral difference^a 3)-4)	1)-3)	1)-4)	2)-3)	2)-4)
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean difference	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean difference	Mean difference
Axial condyle rotation (yaw)	93.4 ± 6.2	92.8 ± 5.9	0.7 ± 4.5	96.6 ± 5.6	94.8 ± 5.1	1.8 ± 4.4^*	− 3,2^*	− 1.4	− 3.9^**	− 2.1
Frontal condyle inclination (roll)	96.3 ± 6.5	90.5 ± 6.7	5.9 ± 8.4^**	95.4 ± 6.3	90.9 ± 9.1	4.6 ± 10.6^*	0.9	5.5^**	− 5.0^**	0.4
Axial ramal rotation (yaw)	88.1 ± 6.7	90.6 ± 6.7	− 2.5 ± 12.7	89.9 ± 8.5	90.2 ± 6.7	− 0.2 ± 14.6	− 1.8	− 2.0	0.7	0.4
Frontal ramal inclination (roll)	87.4 ± 7.8	89.9 ± 4.4	− 2.6 ± 10.2	88.6 ± 7.7	90.5 ± 5.0	− 1.9 ± 11.5	− 1.3	− 3.1^*	1.3	− 0.6
Sagittal ramal inclination (pitch)	87.2 ± 5.7	89.7 ± 5.3	− 2.4 ± 2.3^**	92.4 ± 7.0	94.2 ± 7.7	− 1.7 ± 4.1^*	− 5.2^**	− 6.9^**	− 2.8	− 4.5^**
Gonial angle	130.2 ± 7.1	128.9 ± 6.2	1.3 ± 2.9^*	124.9 ± 6.3	124.5 ± 6.4	0.4 ± 5.3	5.3^**	5.7^**	4.0^**	4.4^**