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Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Fig. 1 | Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

Fig. 1

From: Electron microscopic analysis of necrotic bone and failed implant surface in a patient with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw

Fig. 1

Preoperative radiographic findings of patient A showed the osteolytic lesion in the #13 tooth area (arrows) (A1, A2). Preoperative radiographic findings of patient B showed sequestrum formation in the #46i implant area, with sclerotic change in the #45 and 46 areas with thickening of mandibular bone (arrows) (B1, B2). Preoperative radiographic findings of patient C showed a peri-implant bone loss in the #17i implant area, and maxillary sinus atrophy, but with no significant pathological findings and was ruled out as localized osteomyelitis (MRONJ) (arrows) (C1, C2). Preoperative radiographic findings of patient D showed mucosal thickening on both maxillary sinuses, with alveolar bone fracture, sequestrum, increased marrow attrition, and bone sclerosis on both sides of the maxilla on #15i, #16i, and #24i-26i (arrows) (D1, D2). The panoramic radiograph of patient E showed marginal bone loss (arrows) in the #16i and #17i areas (E1). The excess cement was observed following the crown removal (arrows) (E2). The intraoperative views of the saucerization procedure to remove the main mass (A3, B3, C3, D3, E3). Obtained specimens for further ultrastructural analysis (A4, B4, C4, D4, E4)

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