Management of frontal sinus trauma: a retrospective study of surgical interventions and complications

Kim, InKyeong; Kim, Jeong-Mo; Kim, Jiha; Lee, Seung Jin; Nam, Eui-Cheol

doi:10.1186/s40902-024-00414-z

Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

Table 2 Summary of patient details

From: Management of frontal sinus trauma: a retrospective study of surgical interventions and complications

Patient (sex/age)	Cause of injury	Associated fracture	Neurosurgical problem	Type of frontal sinus fracture		Surgical method and material	Neurosurgical intervention	Complication & current status
Patient (sex/age)	Cause of injury	Associated fracture	Neurosurgical problem	Isolated anterior wall	Combined anterior and posterior wall	Surgical method and material	Neurosurgical intervention	Complication & current status
1 (F/50)	Road traffic accident	Both NOE, right ZMC		Comminuted		ORIF with metal plate		None
2 (M/15)	Fall			Comminuted		ORIF with absorbable mesh		None
3 (M/14)	Sports injury			Displaced		ORIF with absorbable mesh		None
4 (M/45)	Chainsaw injury			Comminuted		ORIF with PPM		None
5 (M/23)	Interpersonal assault	Nasal bone		Displaced		ORIF with absorbable mesh		None
6 (M/59)	Chainsaw injury	Orbital floor		Comminuted		ORIF with metal plate and PPM		None
7 (M/38)	Fall	Left orbital roof, medial wall, floor and maxilla			Anterior wall comminuted, posterior wall linear	Sinus obliteration with collagen sponge		None
8 (M/23)	Sports injury	Both orbital roof and medial wall			Anterior wall comminuted, sinus floor comminuted, posterior wall linear	Sinus obliteration with collagen sponge		None
9 (M/46)	Fall	Both maxilla, right orbital roof	CSF rhinorrhea, traumatic SDH		Anterior wall comminuted, sinus floor comminuted, posterior wall comminuted	Sinus obliteration with HAC	Exploration of dural injuries	None
10 (M/51)	Fall	LeFort I and II and right ZMC, nasal bone			Anterior wall comminuted, sinus floor comminuted, posterior wall comminuted	Sinus obliteration with HAC		None
11 (M/60)	Fall	Right orbital roof, left maxilla, nasal bone	CSF rhinorrhea, traumatic ICH		Anterior wall comminuted, sinus floor comminuted, posterior wall comminuted	Cranialization	Exploration of dural injuries	None
12 (M/43)	Interpersonal assault (hammer injury)	Right orbital roof	CSF rhinorrhea		Anterior wall comminuted, sinus floor comminuted, posterior wall comminuted	Cranialization	Craniotomy and dural repair	None
13 (M/34)	Fall	Right temporal bone, ZMC and NOE, left orbital medial wall, nasal bone	CSF rhinorrhea, traumatic EDH, SDH		Anterior wall comminuted, sinus floor comminuted, posterior wall comminuted	Sinus obliteration with HAC	Craniotomy and dural repair	None
14 (M/49)	Road traffic accident	Both temporal bone, left maxilla, nasal bone	CSF rhinorrhea, traumatic SAH, SDH, EDH		Anterior wall comminuted, sinus floor comminuted, posterior wall comminuted	Cranialization	Craniotomy and EDH removal, dural repair	Intermittent headache, forehead contour irregularity
15 (M/67)	Slip	Left orbital roof	Traumatic EDH		Anterior wall comminuted, sinus floor comminuted, posterior wall comminuted	Sinus obliteration with HAC		None
16 (M/88)	Pedestrian accident	Both NOE, right maxilla, left ZMC	Traumatic SAH, SDH		Anterior wall comminuted, sinus floor comminuted, posterior wall comminuted	Sinus obliteration with HAC	Exploration of dural injuries	Brain abscess, death
17 (M/44)	History of previous frontal sinus fracture		CSF rhinorrhea		Anterior wall, sinus floor, posterior wall defect	Sinus obliteration with autologous cancellous bone	Craniotomy and dural repair	Recurrent CSF leakage and meningitis, death

NOE naso-orbito-ethmoid, ZMC zygomaticomaxillary complex, ORIF open reduction and internal fixation, CSF cerebrospinal fluid, SDH subdural hematoma, ICH intracerebral hemorrhage, EDH epidural hematoma, SAH subarachnoid hemorrhage, PPM porous polyethylene material, HAC hydroxyapatite cement

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