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Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Fig. 3 | Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

Fig. 3

From: Advancements in alveolar bone grafting and ridge preservation: a narrative review on materials, techniques, and clinical outcomes

Fig. 3

Bone substitutes, such as synthetic grafts and autogenous bone grafts, serve as scaffolds that support the growth of new bone tissue. a Synthetic grafts, including hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate, and bioceramics, offer a biocompatible alternative to natural bone grafts. b Collagen membranes, derived from various animal sources or obtained through recombinant technology, have gained popularity due to their excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and versatile mechanical properties

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