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Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Fig. 1 | Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

Fig. 1

From: Effect of the masseter muscle injection of botulinum toxin A on the mandibular bone growth of developmental rats

Fig. 1

Anthropometric measurement points. (1) Condylion (Cd)—most posterior and superior points on the mandibular condyle. (2) Gnathion (Gn)—most inferior point of the bony contour of the gonial angle of the mandible. (3) Gonion (Go)—most posterior point of the bony contour of the gonial angle of the mandible. (4) Coronoid notch (Co)—most inferior point of the coronoid notch. (5) Antegonial notch—most superior point of the curvature of the antegonial notch. (6) Menton (Me)—most inferior point of the mandibular symphysis. (7) Mandibular alveolar point—the deepest point on the mandibular alveolar crest between the lower incisor and the lower first molar. (8) Infradentale—most inferior point of the marginal alveolar bone of the lower central incisor. (9) Zygion (Zy)—most external point of the zygomatic arch

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