Genial tubercle position and genioglossus advancement in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) treatment: a systematic review

Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

Table 2 Comparison of the measurements for the genial tubercle position evaluated from cadavers

Literatures	N	IBM–IGT	IBM–CGT	Apex–SGT	GTH	GTW	MT (IGT)	MT (CGT)
Silverstein 2000	10	NA	14.2 ± 2.2	11.8 ± 1.69	NA	NA	NA	12.6 ± 1.84
Hennessee 2005	7	12.5 ± 1.44	NA	NA	11.64 ± 1.84	6.86 ± 1.03	NA	NA
Hueman 2007	17	NA	13.3 ± 2.9	NA	4.7 ± 1.5	4.9 ± 0.9	14.3 ± 2.2	NA
Yin 2007	40 (29/11)	11.08 ± 2.05	NA	M: 15.57 ± 1.82	5.82 ± 0.71	6.98 ± 1.35	11.95 ± 1.59	NA
				F: 9.36 ± 2.79

IBM–IGT distance from the inferior border of the genial tubercle (IGT) to the inferior border of the mandible (IBM), IBM-CGT distance from the center of the genial tubercle (CGT) to the inferior border of the mandible (IBM), Apex–SGT distance from the root apex of the mandibular incisor tooth (Apex) to the superior border of the genial tubercle (SGT), GTH genial tubercle height which is the distance from the superior border of the genial tubercle (SGT) to the inferior border of the genial tubercle (IGT), GTW genial tubercle width, MT thickness of the anterior mandible