Table 1 Comparison of clinical symptoms and incubation time of human coronaviruses [4]
From: Being a front-line dentist during the Covid-19 pandemic: a literature review
| Human coronaviruses | Clinical symptoms | Incubation period | Refs. |
|---|---|---|---|
| 229E | General malaise, headache, nasal discharge, sneezing, sore throat, fever and cough (10–20% of patients) | 2–5 days | [9,10,11] |
| OC43 | General malaise, headache, nasal discharge, sneezing, sore throat, fever and cough (10–20% of patients) | 2–5 days | [9, 11,12,13] |
| NL63 | Cough, rhinorrhea, tachypnea, fever, hypoxia, obstructive laryngitis (croup) | 2–4 days | [14,15,16,17,18,19] |
| HKU1 | Fever, running nose, cough, dyspnea | 2–4 days | [20,21,22] |
| SARS-CoV | Fever, myalgia, headache, malaise, chills, non-productive cough, dyspnea, respiratory distress, diarrhea (30–40% of patients) | 2–11 days | [14,15,16,17,18,19] |
| MERS-CoV | Fever, cough, chills, sore throat, myalgia, arthralgia, dyspnea, pneumonia, diarrhea and vomiting (one third of patients), acute renal impairment | 2–13 days | [15, 23, 24] |
| 2019-nCoV | Malaise, fever, dry cough, cough, dyspnea, myalgia, fatigue | 1–14 days | [25,26,27,28] |