Table 3 Facial fracture location, associated injuries, and procedures
Energy mechanism | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Low (n = 98) | High (n = 25) | ||
Fracture location | |||
Upper third (%)1 | 13 (13) | 6 (24) | 0.217 |
Midface (%)1 | 62 (63) | 21 (84) | 0.057 |
Mandible (%)1 | 37 (38) | 5 (20) | 0.105 |
Bilateral (%)1 | 17 (17) | 8 (32) | 0.161 |
Le Fort (%)1 | 3 (3) | 3 (12) | 0.098 |
Multiple facial fractures1 | 45 (46) | 15 (60) | 0.264 |
Associated injuries | |||
Any head or neck injury (%)1 | 35 (36) | 17 (68) | 0.265 |
Intracranial hemorrhage (%)1 | 15 (15) | 13 (52) | < 0.001* |
Cerebrovascular (%)1 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | NA |
Concussion (%)1 | 33 (34) | 14 (56) | 0.064 |
Cervical spine fracture (%)1 | 0 (0) | 3 (12) | < 0.001* |
Any torso or extremity injury (%)1 | 7 (7) | 16 (64) | 0.0453* |
Thoracic (%)1 | 5 (5) | 14 (56) | < 0.001* |
Abdominal (%)1 | 0 (0) | 2 (8) | 0.040* |
Pelvic/lower extremity (%)1 | 1 (1) | 6 (24) | < 0.001* |
Procedures | |||
CTA2 performed (%)1 | 5 (5) | 9 (36) | < 0.001* |
Any procedure (%)1 | 48 (49) | 18 (72) | 0.045* |
Neurosurgical procedure (%)1 | 5 (5) | 7 (28) | 0.002* |
Facial surgery required (%)1 | 39 (40) | 7 (28) | 0.357 |