Fig. 5From: 4-Hexylresorcinol induced angiogenesis potential in human endothelial cellsSchematic drawings for the proposed mechanism. Apoptotic stress on the mitochondria is induced by application of 4HR. This stress induces TGF-β1 expression, and secreted TGF-β1 protein will bind to ALK5. Then, the downstream signal is generated by the RAS/Smads pathway. This signal will increase the expression of VEGFsBack to article page