Table 2 Dimensional changes of the alveolar ridge after ARP procedures with ABXs. Data are presented as Mean ± SD

Vance et al., 2004

-

ABX

covered by collagen membrane

DFDBA

with a putty carrier

covered with a

CaS barrier

-

Change in horizontal

ridge width

-

- 0.5 ± 0.8 mm

- 0.5 ± 0.8 mm

-

Change in vertical

ridge width at the

mid-buccal aspect

-

0.7 ± 1.2 mm

- 0.3 ± 0.7 mm

-

Change in vertical

ridge width at the

mid-lingual aspect

-

- 0.1 ± 0.8 mm

- 0.5 ± 0.7 mm

-

Change in vertical

ridge width at the

mesial aspect

-

- 0.5 ± 0.5 mm

- 0.2 ± 0.6 mm

-

Change in vertical

ridge width at the

distal aspect

-

- 0.7 ± 0.8 mm**

- 0.1 ± 0.7 mm

-

Timepoint of analyses: 4 months

Mardas et al., 2010

-

ABX

covered by a resorbable bi-layer collagen barrier

SBC

covered by a resorbable bi-layer collagen barrier

-

Change of the bucco-lingual/palatal width of the alveolar ridge

-

- 2.1 ± 1.0 mm**

- 1.1 ± 1.0 mm

-

Timepoint of analyses: 8 months

Nam et al., 2011

-

ABX

covered by collagen membrane

ABX

coated with collagen-binding peptide

and covered by collagen membrane

-

Change of the horizontal ridge width

-

- 1.3 ± 1.4 mm

- 1.2 ± 1.5 mm

-

Change in the

height of the buccal crest

-

- 2.3 ± 2.1 mm

- 2.3 ± 3.6 mm

-

Change in the

height of the lingual crest

-

- 1.7 ± 1.9 mm

- 1.1 ± 2.7 mm

-

Timepoint of analyses: 6 months

Gholami et al., 2012

-

ABX

spongiosa granules covered by collagen membrane

NCHA

covered by collagen membrane

-

Horizontal alveolar ridge width change

-

- 1.07 ± 0.97 mm

- 0.93 ± 0.57 mm

-

Timepoint of analyses: 6–8 months

Cook and Mealey, 2013

-

Collagenated ABX

covered by a collagen membrane

Bovine collagen coated with

30% non-sintered

HA mineral

-

Change in ridge width

-

- 1.57 ± 1.21 mm

- 1.16 ± 1.44 mm

-

Change in buccal ridge height

-

- 0.14 ± 2.21 mm

0.03 ± 2.81 mm

-

Change in lingual ridge height

-

- 0.21 ± 3.04 mm

- 1.18 ± 1.93 mm

-

Timepoint of analyses: 21 weeks

Jung et al., 2013

Spontaneous healing

Collagenated ABX

at the bone level and application

of a collagen matrix

Collagenated ABX

at the bone level and application of an autogenous soft tissue punch graft at the soft tissue level

β-tricalcium-phosphate-particles with polylactid coating without any

further treatment at the soft tissue level

Mean change in ridge height at the lingual aspect

- 0.6 ± 0.6 mm

- 0.4 ± 1.4 mm***

- 0.3 ± 1.1 mm*,***

- 1.7 ± 0.6 mm*

Mean change in ridge height at the buccal aspect

- 0.5 ± 0.9 mm

- 0.0 ± 1.2 mm***

- 1.2 ± 2.9 mm***

- 2.0 ± 2.4 mm

Mean ridge width change at 1 mm below the most coronal aspect of the crest

- 3.3 ± 2.0 mm

- 1.2 ± 0.8 mm*,***

- 1.4 ± 1.0 mm*,***

- 6.1 ± 2.5 mm*

Mean ridge width change at 3 mm below the most coronal aspect of the crest

- 1.7 ± 0.8 mm

- 0.6 ± 0.6 mm*,***

- 0.6 ± 0.5 mm*,***

- 3.1 ± 1.6 mm

Mean ridge width change at 5 mm below the most coronal aspect of the crest

- 0.8 ± 0.5 mm

- 0.1 ± 0.2 mm*,***

- 0.6 ± 0.9 mm***

- 5.7 ± 3.0 mm

Timepoint of analyses: 6 months

Calasans-Maia et al., 2014

-

Bovine ABX

type I

Bovine ABX

type II

-

Change in horizontal

ridge width

-

- 0.39 ± 0.14 mm

- 0.29 ± 0.14 mm

-

Timepoint of analyses: 6 months

Cardaropoli et al., 2014

Spontaneous healing

Collagenated ABX

covered by a porcine collagen membrane

-

-

Change in the horizontal width of the alveolar ridge

- 4.04 ± 0.69 mm

- 0.71 ± 0.91 mm*

-

-

Change in vertical ridge at the mid-buccal site

1.67 ± 0.43 mm

0.56 ± 0.45 mm*

-

-

Timepoint of analyses: 4 months

Pang et al., 2014

Spontaneous healing

ABX

covered by absorbable collagen membrane

-

-

Alveolar ridge width change

- 2.72 ± 0.19 mm

(3 mo)

- 3.56 ± 0.28 mm

(6 mo)

- 1.11 ± 0.13 mm*

(3 mo)

- 1.84 ± 0.35 mm*

(6 mo)

-

-

Alveolar ridge height change

- 2.12 ± 0.15 mm

(3 mo)

- 3.26 ± 0.29 mm

(6 mo)

- 1.05 ± 0.24 mm*

(3 mo)

- 1.54 ± 0.25 mm*

(6 mo)

-

-

Timepoint of analyses: 3 and 6 months

Scheyer et al., 2016

-

Collagenated ABX

plus native, bilayer collagen membrane

Demineralized allograft

plus reconstituted and cross-linked

collagen membrane

-

Horizontal

(buccal-lingual)

ridge preservation

6.71 ± 2.07 mm**

4.95 ± 2.65 mm

-

-

Vertical (buccal)

ridge preservation

6.24 ± 2.98 mm

5.29 ± 3.73 mm

-

-

Vertical (lingual)

ridge preservation

0.60 ± 2.68 mm

- 0.07 ± 3.15 mm

-

-

Timepoint of analyses: 6 months

Iorio-Siciliano et al., 2017

Spontaneous healing

Collagenated ABX

covered by a collagen membrane

-

-

Width change at the buccal-palatal aspects

- 2.8 ± 1.1 mm

- 1.6 ± 1.3 mm*

-

-

Vertical bone resorption at the buccal aspect with < 1 mm thickness of the buccal bone wall

- 1.7 ± 0.6 mm

- 0.3 ± 0.5 mm*

-

-

Vertical bone resorption at the linguo-palatal aspect with < 1 mm thickness of the buccal bone wall

- 1.3 ± 0.6 mm

- 0.2 ± 0.4 mm*

-

-

Horizontal alveolar bone resorption with

 < 1 mm thickness of the buccal bone wall

- 3.3 ± 0.6 mm

- 2.2 ± 1.3 mm*

Vertical bone resorption at the buccal aspect with > 1 mm thickness of the buccal bone wall

- 0.9 ± 1.1 mm

- 0.3 ± 0.5 mm

-

-

Vertical bone resorption at the linguo-palatal aspect with > 1 mm thickness of the buccal bone wall

- 0.4 ± 0.5 mm

0.0 ± 0.0 mm

-

-

Horizontal alveolar bone resorption with > 1 mm thickness of the buccal bone wall

- 2.6 ± 1.3 mm

- 0.8 ± 1.0 mm

-

-

Timepoint of analyses: 6 months

Lim et al., 2017

-

Collagenated

bovine ABX

covered by non-cross-linked collagen membrane

Collagenated

porcine ABX

covered by cross-linked collagen membrane

-

Horizontal change of alveolar ridge at the

1-mm level

-

- 1.5 ± 1.9 mm (ITT)

- 1.5 ± 0.9 mm (PP)

- 1.3 ± 1.6 mm (ITT)

- 1.2 ± 0.5 mm (PP)

-

Horizontal change of alveolar ridge at the

3-mm level

-

- 1.2 ± 0.7 mm (ITT)

- 1.2 ± 0.7 mm (PP)

- 1.2 ± 0.7 mm (ITT)

- 1.2 ± 0.7 mm (PP)

-

Horizontal change of alveolar ridge at the

5-mm level

-

- 0.9 ± 0.9 mm (ITT)

- 0.9 ± 0.9 mm (PP)

- 0.9 ± 0.6 mm (ITT)

- 0.9 ± 0.7 mm (PP)

-

Vertical change of alveolar ridge at the mesial aspect

-

- 0.7 ± 1.7 mm (ITT)

- 0.7 ± 1.7 mm (PP)

- 1.1 ± 1.3 mm (ITT)

- 1.3 ± 1.4 mm (PP)

-

Vertical change of alveolar ridge at the distal aspect

-

- 0.6 ± 1.1 mm (ITT)

- 0.6 ± 1.1 mm (PP)

- 0.9 ± 1.6 mm (ITT)

- 0.9 ± 1.8 mm (PP)

-

Vertical change of alveolar ridge at the midfacial aspect

-

- 0.7 ± 1.8 mm (ITT)**

- 0.7 ± 1.8 mm (PP)**

- 1.1 ± 2.8 mm (ITT)

- 1.5 ± 3.0 mm (PP)

-

Vertical change of alveolar ridge at the midlingual aspect

-

- 0.2 ± 1.7 mm (ITT)

- 0.2 ± 1.7 mm (PP)

- 0.1 ± 2.0 mm (ITT)

- 0.1 ± 2.2 mm (PP)

-

Timepoint of analyses: 4 months

Nart et al., 2017

-

ABX

covered by a collagen membrane

Collagenated ABX

covered by a collagen membrane

-

Change of buccal height

-

- 0.61 ± 0.77 mm

- 0.98 ± 1.28 mm

-

Change of lingual height

-

- 0.65 ± 0.65 mm

- 0.82 ± 0.61 mm

-

Change of ridge width at the 1-mm level

-

- 0.91 ± 1.35 mm

- 1.53 ± 1.53 mm

-

Change of ridge width at the 3-mm level

-

- 0.358 ± 0.31 mm

- 0.788 ± 0.76 mm

-

Change of ridge width at the 5-mm level

-

- 0.065 ± 0.172 mm**

- 0.16 ± 0.76 mm

-

Timepoint of analyses: 5 months

Pang et al., 2017

-

ABX

Autogenous demineralized dentin matrix

-

Vertical bone gain

-

6.56 ± 3.54 mm

5.38 ± 2.65 mm

-

Timepoint of analyses: 6 months

Serrano Mendez et al., 2017

-

Collagenated ABX

covered by collagen membrane

DFDBA

covered by collagen membrane

-

Horizontal dimensional changes

-

- 2.6 ± 1.4 mm

- 1.4 ± 1.1 mm

-

Vertical dimensional changes of the alveolar ridge at mesial aspect

-

- 1.1 ± 1.0 mm

- 0.6 ± 1.3 mm

-

Vertical dimensional changes of the alveolar ridge at center aspect

-

- 0.4 ± 1.3 mm

0.5 ± 1.4 mm

-

Vertical dimensional changes of the alveolar ridge at distal aspect

-

- 0.9 ± 1.0 mm

- 0.1 ± 1.4 mm

-

Timepoint of analyses: 6 months

Fischer et al., 2018

Spontaneous healing

ABX

ABX

covered by a soft tissue punch from the palate

ABX

covered by a resorbable collagen membrane

Change in volumetric buccal ridge contour

- 2.151 ± 1.349 mm

- 0.968 ± 0.344 mm

- 0.874 ± 0.713 mm

- 1.26 ± 0.942 mm

Timepoint of analyses: 6 months

Shim et al., 2018

-

ABX

Hydroxyapatite synthetic bone

with rhBMP-2

-

Change in alveolar bone height

-

- 0.20 ± 0.29 mm

1.41 ± 2.28 mm

-

Change in alveolar bone width

-

- 0.94 ± 1.04 mm**

0.30 ± 1.03 mm

-

Timepoint of analyses: 3 months

Tomasi et al., 2018

-

Collagenated ABX

covered by a collagen membrane stabilized by a suture

Blood clot

covered by a collagen membrane stabilized by a suture

-

Horizontal change in

the ridge at the buccal aspect, measured 2 mm apical of the marginal crest

-

- 1.8 ± 0.9 mm

- 1.5 ± 0.9 mm

-

Horizontal change in

the ridge at the buccal aspect, measured at 4 mm apical of the marginal crest

-

- 1.4 ± 0.9 mm

- 1.2 ± 2.1 mm

-

Vertical change in the ridge determined at the buccal aspect

-

- 0.2 ± 0.8 mm

- 0.4 ± 0.6 mm

-

Horizontal change in

the ridge at the palatal/lingual aspect, measured at 2 mm apical of the marginal crest

-

- 1.7 ± 0.7 mm

- 1.6 ± 1.0 mm

-

Horizontal change in

the ridge at the palatal/lingual aspect, measured at 4 mm apical of the marginal crest

-

- 1.5 ± 0.5 mm

- 1.2 ± 0.5 mm

-

Vertical change in the ridge determined at the palatal/lingual aspect

-

- 0.7 ± 0.5 mm

- 0.7 ± 0.7 mm

-

Timepoint of analyses: 6 months

Cha et al., 2019

Extraction alone

Collagenated ABX

covered by a collagen membrane

-

-

Change in

sinus floor level

- 1.16 mm

- 0.14 mm*

-

-

Change in

bone crest level

- 3.17 mm

0.16 mm*

-

-

Residual bone

height

- 1.98 mm

0.30 mm*

-

-

Timepoint of analyses: 6 months

Lim et al., 2019

Spontaneous healing

Collagenated ABX

Collagenated ABX covered by a native bilayer collagen membrane

-

Change in horizontal ridge width at 1 mm level below the ridge crest

- 4.44 ± 3.71 mm

- 2.49 ± 3.34 mm

- 1.02 ± 0.88 mm*

-

Change in horizontal ridge width at 3 mm level below the ridge crest

- 2.27 ± 1.15 mm

- 1.17 ± 1.33 mm

- 0.31 ± 1.51 mm*

-

Change in horizontal ridge width at 5 mm level below the ridge crest

- 0.84 ± 0.75 mm

- 0.59 ± 0.98 mm

0.04 ± 1.29 mm

-

Change in the vertical height of

ridge at buccal crest

- 1.33 ± 1.11 mm

- 1.06 ± 1.57 mm

- 0.58 ± 0.53 mm

-

Change in the vertical height of

ridge at mid crest

-

- 1.15 ± 1.63 mm**

- 0.25 ± 0.95 mm

-

Change in the vertical height of

ridge at lingual crest

- 1.20 ± 0.96 mm

- 0.33 ± 0.38 mm

- 0.12 ± 1.10 mm

-

Timepoint of analyses: 4 months

Llanos et al., 2019

-

ABX

covered by a collagen matrix

Collagenated ABX

covered by a collagen matrix

-

Change in the horizontal ridge width

1 mm below the buccal alveolar crest

-

- 1.37 ± 0.84 mm

- 1.60 ± 0.82 mm

-

Change in the horizontal ridge width

3 mm below the buccal alveolar crest

-

- 0.84 ± 0.62 mm

- 0.98 ± 0.67 mm

-

Change in the horizontal ridge width

5 mm below the buccal alveolar crest

-

- 0.56 ± 0.48 mm

- 0.67 ± 0.47 mm

-

Timepoint of analyses: 4 months

Machtei et al., 2019

Spontaneous healing

ABX

Biphasic calcium sulfate with hydroxyapatite

-

Vertical ridge change

- 1.71 ± 0.4 mm

- 0.25 ± 0.2 mm*

- 0.65 ± 0.5 mm*

-

Change in horizontal width 3 mm apical to the bone crest

- 2.96 ± 0.3 mm

- 1.56 ± 0.4 mm*,**

- 0.5 ± 0.4 mm*

-

Change in horizontal width 6 mm apical to the bone crest

- 1.81 ± 0.3 mm

- 0.56 ± 0.4 mm

- 0.81 ± 0.4 mm

-

Timepoint of analyses: 4 months

Santana et al., 2019

-

ABX

covered by a PEG barrier membrane

Blood coagulum covered by a PEG barrier membrane

AlloGraft

covered by a PEG barrier membrane

Change in ridge width

-

- 2.5 mm

- 2.3 mm

- 1.5 mm

Change in ridge height at the buccal aspect

-

- 0.23 mm

0.08 mm

- 0.38 mm

Change in ridge height at the lingual aspect

-

- 0.77 mm

- 0.65 mm

- 0.77 mm

Change in ridge height at the central aspect

-

12.38 mm

9.93 mm

10.54 mm

Timepoint of analyses: 6 months

Taschieri et al., 2019

-

ABX

covered by a palatal graft

70% MgHA + 

30% equine collagen

-

Horizontal change of the alveolar ridge

-

- 1.99 ± 0.31 mm

- 2.1 ± 0.90 mm

-

Vertical change of the alveolar ridge at the buccal side

-

- 1.4 ± 0.34 mm

- 1.5 ± 0.30 mm

-

Vertical change of the alveolar ridge at the lingual site

-

0.41 ± 0.38 mm

0.70 ± 0.30 mm

-

Crest vertical change

-

1.39 ± 0.31 mm

1.49 ± 0.20 mm

-

Timepoint of analyses: 6 months

Iorio-Siciliano et al., 2020

Spontaneous healing

ABX

and collagen membrane

Collagenated ABX

and collagen membrane

-

Change in horizontal alveolar ridge width

- 2.3 ± 1.6 mm

- 2.4 ± 1.6 mm

- 2.8 ± 1.4 mm

-

Vertical changes at buccal aspect

- 2.07 ± 1.94 mm

- 2.92 ± 2.90 mm

- 2.75 ± 1.36 mm

-

Timepoint of analyses: 6 months

Lai et al., 2020

-

Bovine ABX

covered by a

d-PTFE membrane

Porcine ABX

covered by a

d-PTFE membrane

-

Increase in lingual ridge height

-

1.56 ± 1.75 mm

1.60 ± 1.74 mm

-

Change of ridge width

-

- 0.38 ± 1.23 mm

- 1.03 ± 1.3 mm

-

Timepoint of analyses: 18–20 weeks

Lee and Jeong, 2020

Spontaneous healing

Collagenated ABX

covered by resorbable collagen membrane

Collagenated ABX

 + EMD

covered by resorbable collagen membrane

-

Horizontal width change at 1 mm apically below the alveolar ridge crest

- 2.36 ± 0.91 mm

- 1.42 ± 0.26 mm*

- 1.44 ± 0.54 mm*

-

Horizontal width change at 3 mm apically below the alveolar ridge crest

- 2.10 ± 0.53 mm

- 1.34 ± 0.72 mm*

- 1.21 ± 0.52 mm*

-

Horizontal width change at 5 mm apically below the alveolar ridge crest

- 1.04 ± 0.89 mm

- 0.50 ± 0.61 mm

- 0.86 ± 0.81 mm

-

Vertical height change in the buccal

alveolar ridge crest

- 1.30 ± 0.99 mm

- 0.90 ± 0.65 mm

- 0.61 ± 0.40 mm

-

Vertical height change in the palatal

alveolar ridge crest

- 0.98 ± 0.58 mm

- 0.60 ± 0.37 mm

- 0.69 ± 0.62 mm

-

Timepoint of analyses: 5 months