Table 3 Summary of domestic studies with evidence level 3
Author | Study type | Patient (person)/implant (unit)/restoration | Implant location | Prosthesis type | Zirconium abutment | F/U period | Outcome | Conclusion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kim et al. [34] | Prospective cohort | 213/611/328 | Anterior/posterior | Single unit/multi-units with pontic | Alumina-toughened zirconium abutment (ZirAce) | 3.6 years (1–12.8 years) | Survival rate of zirconium abutments - 98.3% (single) - 99.2% (pontic without multi-units) - 96.1% (pontic with multi-units) Complication rate - 19.7% (single) - 3.9% (pontic without multi-units) - 3.8% (pontic with multi-units) | Zirconium abutments have an excellent long-term survival rate. For the restoration of a single posterior tooth, further studies are required. |
Kim et al. [15] | Retrospective cohort | 65/158/85 | Anterior/premolar/molar | Single crown/splint crown/bridge | Alumina-toughened zirconium abutment (ZirAce) | 78 months (60.9–117.5) | Zirconium fracture, screw fracture, and screw loosening were not observed for 5 years. Restoration success rate: 95.3% | Complications occurred after 5 years. The 5-year use is stable. |
Bae et al. [16] | Prospective cohort | 17/37 | Maxilla mandible | Not mentioned | Zirconium/alumina composite abutment | 12 months | No abutment Mean alveolar loss - Maxilla: 0.56 ± 0.26 - Mandible: 0.68 ± 0.30 Histological examination - Junctional epithelium Height: 2.09 mm Width: 0.51 mm | The zirconium alumina composite abutment is clinically stable. |