Kenyan male face
|
Vertical measurements
|
Forehead height I (tr-g)
|
61.4 (3.2)
|
4.4 (3.2)
|
< 0.001
|
− 0.4 (3.2)
|
0.496
|
Forehead height II (tr-n)
|
72.2 (2.3)
|
5.1 (2.3)
|
< 0.001
|
0.2 (2.3)
|
0.576
|
Midface height (g-sn)
|
64.8 (6.5)
|
− 2.4 (6.5)
|
0.033
|
− 4.0 (6.5)
|
0.001
|
Nasal height (n-sn)
|
51.0 (1.9)
|
− 3.8 (1.9)
|
< 0.001
|
− 0.9 (1.9)
|
0.005
|
Lower face height (sn-me)
|
76.4 (3.6)
|
3.8 (3.6)
|
< 0.001
|
− 2.6 (3.6)
|
< 0.001
|
Upper lip height (sn-sto)
|
25.5 (1.3)
|
3.1 (1.3)
|
< 0.001
|
− 0.7 (1.3)
|
0.004
|
Lower lip height (sto-sl)
|
22.5 (1.9)
|
2.8 (1.9)
|
< 0.001
|
0.4 (1.9)
|
0.230
|
Philtrum height (sn-ls)
|
15.5 (1.3)
|
− 0.4 (1.3)
|
0.072
|
− 0.9 (1.3)
|
< 0.001
|
Lateral commissure height
|
23.5 (2.6)
| | | | |
Upper vermillion height (Is-sto)
|
13.7 (1.3)
|
5.9 (1.3)
|
< 0.001
|
0.1 (1.3)
|
0.726
|
Lower vermillion height (sto-li)
|
13.8 (0.9)
|
4.5 (0.9)
|
< 0.001
|
0.0 (0.9)
|
0.903
|
Chin height (fml-me)
|
36.5 (3.1)
|
3.4 (3.1)
|
< 0.001
|
0.5 (3.1)
|
0.307
|
Lower lip to labiomental fold
|
12.1 (1.9)
|
0.2 (1.9)
|
0.473
|
0.3 (1.9)
|
0.021
|
Labiomental fold
|
8.2 (1.9)
| | | | |
Lower lip to menton
|
56.2 (3.5)
|
8.2 (3.4)
|
< 0.001
|
− 1.3 (3.5)
|
0.037
|
Nasion to menton
|
101.8 (3.6)
| | | | |
Horizontal measurements
|
Intercanthal distance (en-en)
|
32.2 (1.9)
|
− 1.1 (1.9)
|
0.002
|
−3.6 (1.9)
|
< 0.001
|
Eye width (ex-en)
|
34.0 (3.4)
|
2.7 (3.4)
|
< 0.001
|
1.1 (3.4)
|
0.071
|
Biocular width (ex-ex)
|
98.2 (3.5)
|
7.0 (3.5)
|
< 0.001
|
1.4 (3.5)
|
0.021
|
Nasal width (al-al)
|
43.2 (3.8)
|
8.3 (3.8)
|
< 0.001
|
− 1.0 (3.8)
|
0.139
|
Ala curvature (ac-ac)
|
41.3 (3.1)
|
8.5 (3.1)
|
< 0.001
|
1.3 (3.1)
|
0.019
|
Mouth width (ch-ch)
|
55.9 (3.3)
|
1.4 (3.3)
|
0.014
|
1.3 (3.3)
|
0.022
|
Bitemporal width (ft-ft)
|
115.3 (3.4)
|
− 0.6 (3.4)
|
0.273
|
− 1.0 (3.4)
|
0.077
|
Bizygomatic width (zy-zy)
|
133.8 (4,6))
|
− 5.3 (4.6)
|
< 0.001
|
− 4.9 (4.6)
|
< 0.001
|
Bigonial width (go-go)
|
106.6 (5.9)
|
1.0 (5.9)
|
0.312
|
2.4 (5.9)
|
0.019
|
Kenyan female face
|
Vertical measurements
|
Forehead height I (tr-g)
|
55.4 (3.3)
|
2.7 (3.3)
|
< 0.001
|
− 0.3 (3.3)
|
0.545
|
Forehead height II (tr-n)
|
67.5 (2.9)
|
4.5 (2.9)
|
< 0.001
|
0.4 (2.9)
|
0.423
|
Midface height (g-sn)
|
65.3 (5.7)
|
2.2 (5.7)
|
0.027
|
0.7 (5.7)
|
0.481
|
Nasal height (n-sn)
|
47.6 (3.1)
|
− 3.0 (3.1)
|
< 0.001
|
− 1.2 (3.1)
|
0.029
|
Lower face height (sn-me)
|
65.0 (4.8)
|
5.2 (4.8)
|
< 0.001
|
− 2.0 (4.8)
|
0.013
|
Upper lip height (sn-sto)
|
24.0 (2.5)
|
3.9 (2.5)
|
< 0.001
|
− 0.5 (2.5)
|
0.267
|
Lower lip height (sto-sl)
|
20.7 (1.1)
|
2.9 (1.1)
|
< 0.001
|
0.5 (1.1)
|
0.004
|
Philtrum height
|
13.5 (1.6)
|
− 0.3 (1.6)
|
0.229
|
− 0.5 (1.6)
|
0.052
|
Lateral commissure height
|
22.3 (2.3)
| | | | |
Upper vermillion height (Is-sto)
|
13.4 (0.9)
|
4.7 (0.9)
|
< 0.001
|
0.1 (0.9)
|
0.332
|
Lower vermillion height (sto-li)
|
13.6 (1.0)
|
4.2 (1.0)
|
< 0.001
|
0.4 (1.0)
|
0.031
|
Chin height (sl-gn)
|
34.1 (3.2)
|
7.1 (3.2)
|
< 0.001
|
− 1.1 (3.2)
|
0.046
|
Lower lip to labiomental fold
|
10.6 (1.1)
|
−0.2 (1.1)
|
0.401
|
− 0.2 (1.1)
|
0.401
|
Labiomental fold
|
7.9 (2.8)
| | | | |
Lower lip to menton
|
51.6 (3.4)
|
8.2 (3.4)
|
< 0.001
|
− 0.5 (3.4)
|
0.399
|
Nasion to menton
|
117.1 (5.4)
| | | | |
Horizontal measurements
|
Intercanthal distance (en-en)
|
32.1 (1.4)
|
0.3 (1.4)
|
0.136
|
− 2.3 (1.4)
|
< .001
|
Eye width (ex-en)
|
33.7 (1.5)
|
3.0 (1.5)
|
< 0.001
|
1.5 (1.5)
|
< 0.001
|
Biocular width (ex-ex)
|
94.4 (4.9)
|
6.6 (4.9)
|
< 0.001
|
1.5 (4.9)
|
0.077
|
Nasal width (al-al)
|
40.7 (3.7)
|
9.3 (3.7)
|
< 0.001
|
0.6 (3.7)
|
0.313
|
Ala curvature (R – L)
|
33.5 (2.2)
|
3.0 (2.2)
|
< 0.001
|
1.3 (2.2)
|
0.019
|
Mouth width (ch-ch)
|
52.0 (4.0)
|
1.8 (4.0)
|
0.008
|
− 1.6 (4.0)
|
0.022
|
Bitemporal width (ft-ft)
|
111.2 (2.5)
|
− 0.3 (2.5)
|
0.430
|
− 0.2 (2.5)
|
0.582
|
Bizygomatic width (zy-zy)
|
130.1 (3.5)
|
0.1 (3.5)
|
0.827
|
− 0.4 (3.5)
|
0.523
|
Bigonial width (go-go)
|
96.8 (2.9)
|
2.3 (2.9)
|
0.001
|
0.1 (2.9)
|
0.880
|