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Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Fig. 3 | Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

Fig. 3

From: Effect of bisphosphonate on temporomandibular joint in osteopenia-induced rats by botulinum toxin A injection on masticatory muscle: a preliminary study

Fig. 3

Reference planes (a) and reference points (b). Plane S refers to a plane passing through P1, P2, and P6. Plane C refers to a plane normal to plane S, passing through P1 and P6. The condyle component was separated by plane C from the other part of the mandible. P1, sigmoid notch; P2, mandibular foramen; P3, condyle superior; P4, condyle anterior; P5, condyle posterior; P6, angle

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