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Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Fig. 4 | Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

Fig. 4

From: Effect of bisphosphonate on temporomandibular joint in osteopenia-induced rats by botulinum toxin A injection on masticatory muscle: a preliminary study

Fig. 4

Microscopic computed tomography (μCT) analysis (a–d) and three-dimensional analysis of condylar volume (e). a Bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV, %) in the BTX group was the lowest with marginal trend towards significance when compared to the other groups (p = 0.052). b Trabecular thickness (Tb.Th, mm) was the lowest in the BTX group (p = 0.025). However, significant difference was observed only between the BTX and control groups. c Trabecular number (Tb.N, 1/mm) was the lowest in BTX. BP100 and BP200 groups showed significant higher value compared with the BTX group. d Trabecular number (Tb.N, 1/mm) and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp, mm) showed no significant difference among the four groups. e Volume of the condyle on three-dimensional analysis showed similar result with BV/TV (%). *Statistically significant difference compared with the BTX group (p < 0.05)

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