Changes in the hyoid bone, tongue, and oropharyngeal airway space after mandibular setback surgery evaluated by cone-beam computed tomography

Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

Table 4 Changes in tongue dimension and position before (T0) and after (T1) surgery

Variable	T0	T1	ΔT1 − T0	P value
TGL (mm)	68.82 ± 5.21	69.96 ± 5.97	1.13 ± 3.08	0.054
TGH (mm)	31.01 ± 4.73	31.71 ± 3.82	0.71 ± 3.17	0.231
Palatal height (mm)	7.84 ± 5.80	5.11 ± 5.21	− 2.73 ± 5.19	0.007**
Intraoral airway volume (mm³)	14043.97 ± 10009.12	8015.67 ± 9450.49	− 6028.30 ± 10659.29	0.004**
PNS_perp-TT/PNS_perp-U1	0.88 ± 0.08	0.82 ± 0.09	− 0.07 ± 0.09	0.001**

Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. Paired t tests were performed to determine significant differences in tongue dimension and position between T0 and T1. T0 before surgery, T1 1 month after surgery, TGL tongue length, TGH tongue height
*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001