Table 1 Recent cases of needle removal

McDonogh (1996) [2]

Injection needle

1

Retromolar region (right)

DPR, oblique lateral, lateral skull. RG KEELER metal detector

1 h

Yes

Bhatia (1998) [3]

Injection needle

1

Pterygo-mandibular space (left)

PA RG

2 h

Yes

Zeltser (2002) [4]

Injection needle

1

Pterygo-mandibular space (left)

DPR, PA RG, CT, 23G needle soaked in methylene blue

Immediately

Yes

Thompson (2003) [5]

Injection needle

2

Pterygo-mandibular space (right, left)

RG, image intensifier with 2 reference needles

Immediately

Yes

Ethunandan (2007) [6]

Injection needle

1

Pterygo-mandibular space (right)

DPR, PA mandible, lateral cephalometric RG, CT

6 months

Yes

Dojcinovic (2007) [7]

Injection needle

1

Pterygo-mandibular space (left)

DPR, radioscopy

Immediately

Yes

Nezafati (2008) [8]

Injection needle

1

Pterygo-mandibular space (right)

CT, 18G needle, digital C-Arm

2 days

Yes

Pogrel (2009) [9]

Injection needle

16

Medial pterygoid muscle (left) (n=1), not defined (n=15)

DPR, CT, intra-operative RG with 2 spinal needles

Yes

Chrcanivic (2009) [10]

Injection needle

1

Pterygo-mandibular space (left)

Lateral skull RG

Immediately

Yes

Augello (2009) [11]

Injection needle

1

Masseter (right)

DPR, CT, fluoroscopy

Immediately

Yes

Hassani (2010) [12]

Suture needle

1

Tuberosity hamular-notch region

DPR, CBCT

4 years

Yes

Sencimen (2010) [13]

Suture needle

1

Pterygo-mandibular space (left)

DPR, CT, C-arm fluoroscope (Philips Medical Systems)

Few days

Yes

Prado (2010) [14]

Injection needle

1

Pterygo-mandibular space (right), migration to skull base

CT

No

Rifkind (2011) [15]

Injection needle

1

Pterygo-mandibular space (right)

DPR, CT, intra-operative fluoroscopy with 2 reference needles

8 days

Yes

Bacci (2012) [16]

Injection needle

1

Anterior part of temporalis muscle

DPR, fluoroscopy

Immediately

Yes

Brucoli (2012) [17]

Injection needle

1

Pterygo-mandibular space (left)

DPR, fluoroscopy

1 month

Yes

Catelani (2013) [18]

Injection needle

4

Pterygo-mandibular space (left)

CT, fluoroscopy (C-arm with 2 reference needles, methylene technique)

Immediately

Yes

Immediately

Yes

Extra-corporeal

Immediately

Pterygo-mandibular space (right)

CT, fluoroscopy (C-arm with 2 reference needles, methylene technique)

Yes

Gerbino (2013) [19]

Injection needle

1

Pterygo-mandibular space (left)

DPR, CT, navigation system (BrainLAB)

1 day

Yes

Kim (2013) [20]

Injection needle

1

Between coronoid process and condyle neck area(left)

DPR, CT

Yes

Nicot (2013) [21]

Injection needle

1

Subangulo-mandibular region

DPR, CT

5 days

Yes

Rahman (2013) [22]

Injection needle

1

In the vicinity of the lingula (right), migration to postauricular area

DPR, lateral oblique RG, CT

2 weeks

Yes

Ribeiro (2014) [23]

Injection needle

1

Pterygo-mandibular space (left), migration to medial wall of external auditory canal

CT

> 12 month

Yes

Acham (2014) [24]

Injection needle

1

Mandibular notch

DPR, CBCT, C-arm with 2 reference needles

6 h

Yes

Bailey (2015) [25]

Injection needle

1

Pterygo-mandibular space (right)

DPR, PA mandibular RG

Immediately

Yes

Casey (2015) [26]

Injection needle

1

Adjacent to the internal carotid artery

CT

4 years

Yes

Lee (2015) [27]

Injection needle

1

Pterygo-mandibular space above lingula (right)

DPR, CT, navigation system (Medronci AxiEM)

1 year

Yes

Okumura (2015) [28]

Injection needle

1

Parapharyngeal space adjacent to external carotid artery (right)

CT, facial x-ray, fluoroscopy, K-wire as reference bar

1 month

Yes

Stein (2015) [29]

Injection needle

1

Pterygo-mandibular space (right)

CBCT, navigation system (Medtronic StealthStation S7)

Immediately

Yes

Aktop (2015) [30]

Suture needle

1

Nearly below the medial pterygoid plate

DPR, CBCT

Immediately

Yes

Queiroz (2016) [31]

Injection needle

1

Cervical region close to facial artery

CT, C-arm image intensifier

Few days

Yes