Table 1 Landmarks used for tracing of lateral cephalograms
Landmark | Definition |
|---|---|
Point A (subspinale) | The most posterior point in the concavity between ANS and prosthion |
Point B (supramentale) | The most posterior midline point in the concavity of the mandible between the most superior point on the alveolar bone overlying the mandibular incisors and pog |
Me (Menton) | The most inferior point on the symphysis |
Pog (pogonion) | The most anterior point on the symphysis |
ANS (anterior nasal spine) | Anterior tip of the sharp bony process of the maxilla |
PNS (posterior nasal spine) | Posterior spine of palatal bone |
Mandibular plane | Line tangent to inferior border of the mandible |
S (sella) | Geometric center of pituitary fossa |
N (nasion) | Most anterior point on frontonasal suture |
SN | Line connecting sella and nasion |
X line | SN line |
Y line | Line crossing the S point perpendicular to X line |