Nanomedicine and nanoparticle-based delivery systems in plastic and reconstructive surgery

Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

Table 1 Summary table of approved nanomedicine/nanoparticle-based delivery system with potential plastics and reconstructive surgery applications

Drug	Company	Application	Active ingredient	Date of approval
Liposome
Abelcet [87, 88]	Defiante Farmaceutica	Anti-fungal	Amphotericin B	1995
AmBisome [86,87,88]	Gilead Sciences/NeXstar Pharmaceuticals	Anti-fungal	Amphotericin B	1997
Lipid-based
Optison [86]	GE Healthcare	Ultrasound contrast agent (e.g., lymph node)	Human serum albumin stabilized perflutren	1997
Definity [86]	Lantheus Medical Imaging	Ultrasound contrast agent (e.g., breast tumors	Perflutren	2001
SonoVue [86]	Bracco Imaging	Ultrasound contrast agent (e.g., breast tumors	Phospholipid-stabilized Sulphur hexafluoride	2001
Nanocrystal
Vitoss [87, 89]	Orthovita Inc	Bone-grafting material	β-tricalcium phosphate	2003
OsSatura [87]	Isotis Othobiologics Inc	Bone substitute	Hydroxyapatite	2003
Ostim [87, 90]	Osartis GmbH & Co	Bone-grafting material	Calcium hydroxyapatite	2004
NanOss[87, 91]	RTI Surgical	Bone substitute	Hydroxyapatite	2005
EquivaBone [87, 92]	Zimmer Biomet	Bone substitute	Hydroxyapatite	2009