Skip to main content
Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Download PDF

Retrospective clinical study of an implant with a sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched surface and internal connection: analysis of short-term success rate and marginal bone loss

Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery volume 38, Article number: 42 (2016) Cite this article

Abstract

Background

The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the clinical utility of an implant with a sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched (SLA) surface and internal connection.

Methods

Six patients who received dental implants in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chonnam National University Dental Hospital, were analyzed by factors influencing the success rate and marginal bone loss. Factors included patient’s age, sex, implant installation site, whether bone graft was done, type of bone graft materials, approaching method if sinus lift was done, and the size of the fixture. In addition, the marginal bone loss was analyzed by using a radiograph.

Results

All implants were successful, and the cumulative survival rate was 100 %. Average marginal bone loss of 6 months after the installation was 0.52 mm and 20 months after the functional loading was 1.06 mm. Total marginal bone resorption was 1.58 mm on average. There was no statistically significant difference in mesial and distal marginal bone loss.

Conclusions

The short-term clinical success rate of the implant with an SLA surface and internal connection was satisfactory. Moreover, the marginal bone loss was also consistent with the implant success criteria.

Background

Restoring the occlusal function with a dental implant is now popular and generally recognized as highly predictable. Compared to other treatment methods using removable dentures, it results in better occlusal function and shows less discomfort in denture-supporting areas. Moreover, patients show more satisfaction [1–6].

However, the lack of primary and secondary stability due to bone resorption leads to implant failure [7, 8]. Successful implant requires osseointegration, which can be achieved by early implant fixation and bone healing. According to Branemark, osseointegration is a direct contact between the implant surface and the bone that can be seen under the magnification of an optical microscope [9–11]. Albrektsson defined the clinical meaning of osseointegration as a firm fixation caused by a heterogeneous material and the maintenance of the bone without any symptoms during functional occlusion [9, 12].

Osseointegration is necessary for implant stability and proper functional load [9, 13]. Primary implant stability, in particular, is affected not only by the bone quality and volume but also by design, surface treatment, length, diameter, and other factors that an implant has [7, 14–16]. Over 95–96 % implant success rate has been achieved worldwide, and there are many suggestions for implant surface treatment to increase biocompatibility and bone-forming ability of the host [9, 17–22]. There have been many studies showing implant success. It is noted that there are many factors affecting the long-term success of an implant. Marginal bone height is important in determining the functional and esthetic success [1, 23]. It is also compulsory to keep the proper height of the marginal bone for long-term success.

Sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched (SLA) implant that underwent acid etching treatment after body cut using high-pressure large metal grain particles shows better early osseointegration than differently surface-treated implants. Such fact has been demonstrated in animal studies [24–28]. However, studies on the clinical usefulness of the SLA implant are not sufficient at this point.

The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of SLA implants. This study retrospectively analyzed clinical and radiographic data after implant fixation and application of functional load. Sex, age, and systemic disease of patients and fixation location, diameter, and length of the implants were also checked in order to analyze the effect of such factors on the marginal bone loss.

Methods

Patients and materials

This study retrospectively analyzed radiographs of six patients who had implant surgery from July 2012 to June 2014, using 32 implants with the Shinhung® Luna system. Of six patients, there were four men and two women between the ages of 23 and 65 years and an average age of 53.5 years. Conditions of patients with systemic disease (one with hypertension, one with hypertension and diabetes, and one with hepatitis B) were well controlled.

The Shinhung® Luna system fixture used in this study is an internal submerged type, and its tapered body can obtain firm and stable early fixation in any bone quality. Three helical cutting edges allow self-tapping that can ease implant installation and minimize the resistance of the bone. Gradually enlarging thread exerts pressure on the bone and makes it favorable for stable insertion and by decreasing bone damage. Its upper open-type part enables less resistant installation without any additional drilling. Double thread with 35° spiral helix empowers quick and firm installation. An SLA surface showing an average roughness of over Ra 2.5 μm improved bone healing period and cell response by more than 20 %, respectively. In addition, outstanding early fixation was achieved in soft bones.

There were 17 implants with 11.5-mm, 9 with 10.0-mm, 5 with 13.0-mm, and 1 with 8.5-mm length. There were 20 implants with 5.0-mm, 8 with 4.0-mm, and 4 with 4.5-mm diameter (Table 1).

Table 1 Number of implants placed according to implant length and diameter
Full size table

Among 32 implants, 21 were installed in the maxilla and 11 were installed in the mandible. Detailed information of the implant locations is described in Table 2.

Table 2 Number of implants placed according to location in the arch
Full size table

Several kinds of bone graft materials were used for maxillary sinus floor elevation. The mandibular ramus was used for autogenous bone graft and Bio-Oss® (Geistlich, Wolhusen, Switzerland) for heterogeneous bone graft.

Surgical procedures

Local anesthesia was administered prior to implant installation. Implant was installed following the full-thickness flap elevation according to the recommendation of the manufacturer. Crestal or lateral approach was applied when the maxillary sinus elevation was needed. Maxillary sinus elevation was performed in 18 out of 21 cases of the maxilla. Sixteen out of 18 implants were performed with bone graft and the other two without it. In the case of bone graft, the autogenous bone was used solely in 13 cases. A mixture of autogenous and heterogeneous bones was used in three cases (Table 3).

Table 3 Type of sinus bone graft materials
Full size table

Assessments

Analysis of medical records

Referring to the medical records of patients, their sex, age, and systemic disease, the location of the implant installation, and its length and diameter were investigated. According to such data, the difference in the duration of the implant success and their effects towards marginal bone resorption were evaluated.

The criteria of success are as follows [3, 24, 29, 30]:

  • The absence of mobility assessed manually and by a manual torque test

  • The absence of peri-implant radiolucency

  • The absence of continuous pain or suppuration around the implant

  • The absence of deep (>5 mm) pockets adjacent to the implant

  • Bone loss <4 mm

The criteria of survival are as follows [31, 32]:

  • The absence of pain, foreign body sensation, and dysesthesia

  • The absence of recurrent peri-implant infection with suppuration

  • The absence of mobility

  • The absence of continuous radiolucency around the implant

Analysis of radiographs

Radiographs were taken after the implant installation, 6 months after the installation, and after the functional loading. To calculate the marginal bone loss, distance from the top level of the implant platform to the marginal bone contact level on the uppermost part of the implant was measured. In addition, mesial and distal parts of the implant were measured each time. The marginal bone resorption levels were measured right after the implant installation, 6 months after the installation, and after the functional loading.

The length of the implant fixture was set as a standard in radiographic correction. The distance from the top level of the implant platform to the marginal bone contact level on the uppermost part of the implant (A) and the length of the implant fixture (B) were measured and corrected as follows to get the actual distance from the top level of the implant platform to the marginal bone contact level on the uppermost part of the implant (X) (Fig. 1).

Fig. 1
figure 1

Measurement of the marginal bone loss

Full size image
$$ X= AB\ /\ B' $$

where A is the distance from the top level of the implant platform to the marginal bone contact level on the uppermost part of the implant (measurement value), B is the length of the implant fixture (actual value), and B’ is the length of the implant fixture (measurement value).

The periodic marginal bone resorption was quantified by subtracting previously measured marginal bone length from the one measured each time.

Statistical analysis

In order to compare the marginal bone resorption at different parts of the fixture, paired sample t test was performed. Independent sample t test was applied for measuring the difference in marginal bone resorption according to patients’ sex, the location of the installation site, and systemic disease. For statistical analysis, SPSS (version 17.0 for Windows, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used.

Results

Marginal bone loss around implants

Marginal bone loss of 32 implants was measured periodically. The average marginal bone loss at 6 months after the installation was 0.52 mm and at 20 months after the functional loading was 1.06 mm. Total marginal bone resorption was 1.58 mm on average. There was no statistically significant difference in the mesial and distal marginal bone loss (Table 4).

Table 4 Marginal bone loss around implants according to the observation period
Full size table

Marginal bone loss between men and women

Marginal bone loss was compared between sexes. From the installation to after the functional loading, the average marginal bone loss was 1.02 mm in men and 2.52 mm in women. The marginal bone loss showed significant differences in the distal area at 6 months after the installation and both mesial and distal areas at 20 months after the functional loading (Table 5).

Table 5 Comparison of marginal bone loss between men and women
Full size table

Marginal bone loss according to the region in the arch

The difference in marginal bone loss between the premolar and molar regions was evaluated periodically. The average loss was 2.01 mm in the premolar and 1.42 mm in the molar region at the point of installation until an average of 20 months after the functional loading. However, the differences did not suggest any statistical significance (Table 6).

Table 6 Comparison of marginal bone loss according to the regions in the arch
Full size table

The marginal bone loss between the maxilla and mandible was evaluated. The maxillary loss was 1.72 mm and mandibular loss was 1.32 mm on average from the point of installation to an average period of 20 months after the functional loading. Despite the greater loss in the maxilla, no significant difference was found (Table 7).

Table 7 Comparison of marginal bone loss between the maxilla and mandible
Full size table

Marginal bone loss according to systemic disease

From the point of installation to the functional loading, marginal bone loss of patients with the systemic disease was 1.07 mm on average while that of healthy patients was 2.34 mm. Until 6 months after the installation and until an average period of 20 months after the functional loading, particularly, the distal area showed a significant difference (Table 8).

Table 8 Comparison of marginal bone loss according to systemic disease
Full size table

Cumulative survival rate and success rate of implants

Among the 32 implants, none was removed during the study period. The cumulative survival rate was 100 %. At the final progress review of the observations, two implants showed more than baseline marginal bone loss. The success rate was 93.8 %.

Discussion

In this retrospective study, all implants were successful and the cumulative survival rate was 100 %. The cumulative survival rates of implants with an internal connection in various studies were 95.3 % at 5 years [33, 34], 96.8 % at 8 years [3, 33], and 96.2 % at 10 years [33, 35]. The observation period of this study was more than 1 year after loading. However, it is shorter than the period of the previous study. Considering the suggestion of several authors, the evaluation of the marginal bone resorption after a period of more than a year after loading could be used as one of the indicators to predict the long-term prognosis of the implant because most implant failures occur within 1 year after loading. The implant failure mainly occurred within 1 year after loading, and the failure rate dramatically reduced 1 year after loading [36]. The causes of marginal bone loss within 1 year after loading were surgical trauma, excessive force placed on the crestal bone, traumatic occlusion, unfavorable jaw relationship, cantilever extensions, physiological residual ridge resorption, and inflammation [2, 37].

In this study, the radiographs were taken to evaluate and compare the marginal bone resorption in accordance with the observation period. The average marginal bone loss at 6 months after the implant installation was 0.52 mm and after an average of 20 months after the functional loading was 1.06 mm. The total marginal bone loss was 1.58 mm on average. A bone loss of up to 1.5 mm in the first year after loading is considered acceptable as part of biological remodeling according to the criteria by Albrektsson [29]. According to the success criteria of Albrektsson and others [24], the absence of mobility and less than 4-mm bone loss was considered as a successful implant. It means that the Shinhung® Luna system fixture could be successfully used clinically. Its tapered body can obtain firm and stable early fixation in any bone quality. Gradually enlarging thread exerts pressure on the bone in stages and makes it favorable by decreasing bone damage and for stable installation.

Recently, SLA implants have been shown to have even better early osseointegration. In animal studies, the mean bone–implant contact was 30–40 % for titanium plasma-sprayed (TPS) implants but 50–60 % for SLA implants [24, 25]. The implant failure was higher in the resorbable blast media (RBM) group compared to the SLA group, and these results were significant [38].

In this study, the marginal bone loss was greater in women than in men. There were significant differences in the distal area after 6 months and both mesial and distal areas after the functional loading.

According to Wyatt and Zarb [37], no sex difference was seen in the mean annual bone loss after the first year of loading. In other studies, there were no significant differences between the sexes for the success rate of the implant [1, 39, 40].

In the present study, there were no significant differences between the jaws or the regions in the arch for marginal bone loss. Similarly, Naert et al. [40] observed that neither the jaw site nor the implant position (anterior–posterior) had any significant effect on the outcome of a marginal bone loss. Wyatt and Zarb [37] also mentioned that statistical analyses were unable to show any relationships between bone loss and bone quantity and quality, implant location within and between the jaws, or implant length after the first year of loading. When evaluating the measured bone loss, a higher mean amount of bone loss was observed in the maxilla as compared with the mandible; however, this was not statistically significant [1, 41].

In this study, the marginal bone loss was less in patients who had systemic diseases than healthy patients. There were significant differences in 6 months after the installation and after the functional loading at the distal area. Similarly, Mombelli and Cionca [42] observed that failure rates were not different between 98 systemically healthy subjects and 109 patients with a history of other systemic diseases. Moy et al. [1, 39] also mentioned that sex, hypertension, coronary artery disease, pulmonary disease, steroid therapy, chemotherapy, and not being on hormone replacement therapy for postmenopausal women were not associated with a significant increase in implant failure.

Conclusions

The short-term clinical success rate of the implant with an SLA surface and internal connection was satisfactory. Moreover, the marginal bone loss was also consistent with the implant success criteria. The results of this retrospective study demonstrated that the implant with an SLA surface and internal connection can be restored with a high predictability of success. Since the overall failure rate is very low, more studies with higher subject numbers and longer follow-up are required.

References

  1. Kim SK, Kim JH, Lee KW, Cho KS, Han DH (2011) Success rate and marginal bone loss of Osstem USII plus implants: short term clinical study. J Korean Acad Prosthodont 49:206–213

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Adell R, Lekholm U, Rockler B, Branemark PI (1981) A 15-year study of osseointegrated implants in the treatment of the edentulous jaw. Int J Oral Surg 10:387–416

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Buser D, Mericske-Stern R, Bernard JP, Behneke A, Behneke N, Hirt HP, Belser UC, Lang NP (1997) Long-term evaluation of nonsubmerged ITI implants. Part 1: 8-year life table analysis of a prospective multi-center study with 2359 implants. Clin Oral Implants Res 8:161–172

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Albrektsson T, Dahl E, Enbom L, Engevall S, Engquist B, Eriksson AR, Feldmann G, Freiberg N, Glantz PO, Kjellman O et al (1988) Osseointegrated oral implants. A Swedish multicenter study of 8139 consecutively inserted Nobelpharma implants. J Periodontol 59:287–296

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Becker W, Becker BE, Alsuwyed A, Al-Mubarak S (1999) Long-term evaluation of 282 implants in maxillary and mandibular molar positions: a prospective study. J Periodontol 70:896–901

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Bahat O (2000) Branemark system implants in the posterior maxilla: clinical study of 660 implants followed for 5 to 12 years. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 15:646–653

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Jang MJ, Yun PY, Kin YK (2013) Retrospective clinical study of new tapered design implants in maxillary posterior areas. ORAL BIOLOGY RESEARCH 37(2):105–111

    Google Scholar 

  8. Fanuscu MI, Chang TL, Akca K (2007) Effect of surgical techniques on primary implant stability and peri-implant bone. J Oral Maxilloface Surg 65:2487–2491

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Choi SJ, Yoo JH, Lee KB, Kim JW (2012) The success rate of Mg-incorporated oxidized implants in partially edentulous patients: a prospective clinical study. J Korean Acad Prosthodont 50:176–183

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Branemark PI, Hansson BO, Adell R, Breine U, LindstromJ, HallenO, Ohman A (1977) Osseointegrated implants in the treatment of the edentulous jaw. Experience from a 10-year period. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Suppl 16:1-132.

  11. Branemark PI, Zarb GA, Albrektsson T (1985) Tissue-integrated prostheses: osseointegration in clinical dentistry. JPD 54(4):611–612

    Google Scholar 

  12. Albrektsson TO, Johansson CB, Sennerby L (2000) Biological aspects of implant dentistry: osseointegration. Periodontol 4:58–73

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Zarb GA, Albrektsson T (1991) Osseointegration: a requiem for the periodontal ligament? Int J Periodont Res Dent 11:88–91

    Google Scholar 

  14. Huang HM, Pan LC, Lee SY, Chiu CL, Fan KH HOKN (2000) Assessing the implant/bone interface by using natural frequency analysis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 90:285–291

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Barewal RM, Oates TW, Meredith N, Cochran DL (2003) Resonance frequency measurement of implant stability in vivo on implants with a sandblasted and acid-etched surface. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 18:641–651

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Boronat-Lopez A, Pdnarrocha-Diago M, Martinez-Cortissoz O, Minguez-Martinez I (2006) Resonance frequency analysis after the placement of 133 dental implants. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 11:E272–E276

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Carlsson L, Ro¨stlund T, Albrektsson B, Albrektsson T (1988) Removal torques for polished and rough titanium implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 3:21–24

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Gotfredsen K, Nimb L, Hjorting-Hansen E, Jensen JS, Holmen A (1992) Histomorphometric and removal torque analysis for TiO2-blasted titanium implants. An experimental study on dogs. Clin Oral Implants Res 3:77–84

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Cordioli G, Majzoub Z, Piattelli A, Scarano A (2000) Removal torque and histomorphometric investigation of 4 different titanium surfaces: an experimental study in the rabbit tibia. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 15:668–674

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Klokkevold PR, Nishimura RD, Adachi M, Caputo A (1997) Osseointegration enhanced by chemical etching of the titanium surface. A torque removal study in the rabbit Clin Oral Implants Res 8:442–447

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Wennerberg A, Albrektsson T, Andersson B, Krol JJ (1995) A histomorphometric and removal torque study of screw-shaped titanium implants with three different surface topographies. Clin Oral Implants Res 6:24–30

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Ferguson SJ, Langhoff JD, Voelter K, von Rechenberg B, Scharnweber D, Bierbaum S, Schnabelrauch M, Kautz AR, Frauchiger VM, Mueller TL, van Lenthe GH, Schlottig F (2008) Biomechanical comparison of different surface modifications for dental implants. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 23:1037–1046

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Kim SG, Oh MS, Kim YK, Oh HK, Choi GL, Oh YH (2007) Multicenter retrospective clinical study of Osstem USII implant system in complete edentulous patients. Implantology 11:12–21

    Google Scholar 

  24. Arlin M (2007) Survival and success of sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched and titanium plasma-sprayed implants: a retrospective study. J Canadian Dent Asso 73:821–827

    Google Scholar 

  25. Buser D, Schenk RK, Steinemann S, Fiorellini JP, Fox CH, Stich H (1991) Influence of surface characteristics on bone integration of titanium implants. A histomorphometric study in miniature pigs. J Biomed Mater Res 25(7):889–902

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Cochran DL, Nummikoski PV, Higginbottom FL, Hermann JS, Makins SR, Buser D (1996) Evaluation of an endosseous titanium implant with a sandblasted and acid-etched surface in the canine mandible: radiographic results. Clin Oral Implants Res 7(3):240–252

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Cochran DL, Schenk RK, Lussi A, Higginbottom FL, Buser D (1998) Bone response to unloaded and loaded titanium implants with a sandblasted and acid-etched surface: a histometric study in the canine mandible. J Biomed Mater Res 40(1):1–11

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Buser D, Nydegger T, Oxland T, Cochran DL, Schenk RK, Hirt HP et al (1999) Interface shear strength of titanium implants with a sandblasted and acid-etched surface: a biomechanical study in the maxilla of miniature pigs. J Biomed Mater Res 45(2):75–83

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Albrektsson T, Zarb G, Worthington P, Eriksson AR (1986) The long-term efficacy of currently used dental implants: a review and proposed criteria of success. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1(1):11–25

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Cochran DL, Buser D, ten Bruggenkate CM, Weingart D, Taylor TM, Bernard JP et al (2002) The use of reduced healing times on ITI implants with a sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA) surface: early results from clinical trials on ITI SLA implants. Clin Oral Implants Res 13(2):144–153

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Hong JY, Chae GJ, Jung UW, Kim CS, Cho KS, Chae JK, Chon KK, Choi SH (2007) Retrospective studies of dental implant placement at each intraoral site and situation. J Korean Acad Periodont 37(4):805–824

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Buser D, Weber HP, Lang NP (1990) Tissue integration of non-submerged implants. 1-year results of a prospective study with 100 ITI hollow-cylinder and hollow-screw implants. Clin Oral Implants Res 1(1):33–40

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Buser D, Janner S, Wittneben JG, Bragger U, Ramseier C, Salvi G (2012) 10-year survival and success rates of 511 titanium implants with a sandblasted and acid-etched surface: a retrospective study in 303 partially edentulous patients. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 14:839–851

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Behneke A, Behneke N, d’Hoedt B (2000) The longitudinal clinical effectiveness of ITI solid-screw implants in partially edentulous patients: a 5-year follow-up report. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 15:633–645

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Buser D, Mericske-Stern R, Dula K, Lang NP (1999) Clinical experience with one-stage, non-submerged dental implants. Adv Dent Res 13:153–161

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Kim YK, Yun PY, Son DI, Kim BS, Hwang JW (2006) Analysis of clinical application of Osstem(R) (Korea) implant system for 6 years. Implantology 10:56–65

    Google Scholar 

  37. Wyatt C, Zarb G (2002) Bone level changes proximal to oral implants supporting fixed partial prostheses. Clin Oral Impl Res 13:162–168

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Elkhaweldi A, Lee DH, Wang W, Cho SC (2014) The survival rate of RBM surface versus SLA surface in geometrically identical implant design. J Oral Bio 1(1):8–15

    Google Scholar 

  39. Moy PK, Medina D, Shetty V, Aghaloo TL (2005) Dental implant failure rates and associated risk factors. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 20:569–577

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Naert I, Koutsikakis G, Duyck J, Quirynen M, Jacobs R, vanSteenberghe D (2002) Biologic outcome of implant-supported restorations in the treatment of partial edentulism. Part I: a longitudinal clinical evaluation. Clin Oral Implants Res 13:381–389

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Weber HP, Crohin CC, Fiorellini JP (2000) A 5-year prospective clinical and radiographic study of non-submerged dental implants. Clin Oral Implants Res 11:144–153

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Mombelli A, Cionca N (2006) Systemic diseases affecting osseointegration therapy. Clin Oral Imp Res 17(2):97–103

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This study was supported by a research grant from the Shinhung (grant no: 2012-1902).

Authors’ contributions

JWL obtained the measurements and data and wrote the manuscript. JHA helped in obtaining the data. SHP helped in obtaining the data. JHC helped in drafting the manuscript. GSK helped in drafting the manuscript. JJH have made substantial contributions to the analysis and interpretation of the data. SGJ have made substantial contributions to the analysis and interpretation of the data. MSK was involved in revising the manuscript. HKO was involved in revising the manuscript. SYR was involved in revising the manuscript. HJP participated in its design and coordination and carefully reviewed and revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Ethics approval and consent to participate

Not applicable.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea

    Jae-Wang Lee, Jun Hyeong An, Sang-Hoon Park, Jong-Hyon Chong, Gwang-Seok Kim, JeongJoon Han, Seunggon Jung, Min-suk Kook, Hee-Kyun Oh, Sun-Youl Ryu & Hong-Ju Park

Authors
  1. Jae-Wang Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jun Hyeong An
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Sang-Hoon Park
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jong-Hyon Chong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Gwang-Seok Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. JeongJoon Han
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Seunggon Jung
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Min-suk Kook
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Hee-Kyun Oh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Sun-Youl Ryu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Hong-Ju Park
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hong-Ju Park.

Rights and permissions

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

Reprints and Permissions

About this article

Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Lee, JW., An, J.H., Park, SH. et al. Retrospective clinical study of an implant with a sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched surface and internal connection: analysis of short-term success rate and marginal bone loss. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg 38, 42 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40902-016-0089-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40902-016-0089-6

Keywords

  • Sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched surface
  • Success rate
  • Marginal bone loss
  • Implant