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Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Fig. 1 | Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

Fig. 1

From: Surgery-first approach reduces the overall treatment time without damaging long-term stability in the skeletal class III correction: a preliminary study

Fig. 1

a Reference points used in this study: 1. Sella (S); 2. Nasion (N); 3. Porion (Po); 4. Orbitale (Or); 5. Anterior nasal spine (ANS); 6. Posterior nasal spine (PNS); 7. Subspinale (A); 8. Supramentale (B); 9. The point bisects the vertical distance between the tips of maxillary (U1) and mandibular central incisor (L1) 10. The point bisects the vertical distance between the occlusal surfaces of maxillary (U6) and mandibular first molar (L6). b Measuring parameters used in this study: 1. VRL-A (mm); 2. HRL-A (mm); 3. VRL-PNS (mm); 4. HRL-PNS (mm); 5. VRL-B (mm); 6. HRL-B (mm); 7. SNA (°); 8. SNB (°); 9. ANB (°); 10. Occlusal plane angle (°)

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